{"id":88225,"date":"2024-03-12T11:23:32","date_gmt":"2024-03-12T11:23:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/msdconecta.co.cr\/es\/?post_type=product&#038;p=88225"},"modified":"2024-03-13T11:52:29","modified_gmt":"2024-03-13T11:52:29","slug":"perfiles-en-riesgo","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/msdconecta.co.cr\/es\/products\/pneumovax\/perfiles-en-riesgo\/","title":{"rendered":"Perfiles en riesgo"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading  has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-heading--center mhh-mcn-v1-heading mhh-mcn-v1-heading--322d6cb2a30fd9bb8f40c9696c951e63\"><strong>\u00bfSus pacientes adultos tienen alguno de estos perfiles? Prot\u00e9jalos contra la infecci\u00f3n neumoc\u00f3cica invasiva<\/strong><br><br><strong>Enfermedad pulmonar cr\u00f3nica<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"mhh-mcn-columns mhh-mcn-columns--vertical-alignment-center mhh-mcn-v1-columns--cbe335b348c6c004fc89e318a2d02a82 mhh-mcn-v1-columns mhh-mcn-columns--gutter-m\">\n    <div class=\"mhh-mcn-columns-inner\">\n        \n<div class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-column mhh-mcn-v1-column--c17bb7640c701549d58a0c6723806e6b mhh-mcn-column mhh-mcn-column--12 mhh-mcn-column--m-6 mhh-mcn-column--l-6\">\n    \n\n<p class=\"   mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--60a165f08e117ca0c7e6494a715d290b\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en-US\">De acuerdo con el estudio de Torres, A. <em>y cols<sup>a<\/sup><\/em>, los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar cr\u00f3nica &#8211; enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr\u00f3nica (EPOC), bronquitis cr\u00f3nica y\/o asma- se encuentran en mayor riesgo para neumon\u00eda adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) y para enfermedad neumoc\u00f3cica invasiva (ENI) que individuos sin estas patolog\u00edas, con un riesgo de 1.3 hasta 13.5 veces mayor para NAC y de <strong>1.3 hasta 16.8 veces mayor para ENI<\/strong>.<br>El riesgo para NAC var\u00eda de acuerdo a la edad, siendo mucho m\u00e1s alto en mayores de 65 a\u00f1os que adem\u00e1s cursan con EPOC.<sup>1<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"   mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--261d675eaa08c1b5c0d2cc0b6922510b\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en-US\">Se han identificado como factores independientes para NAC recurrente en adultos las siguientes condiciones: tener EPOC, la edad avanzada, la falta de vacunaci\u00f3n contra el neumococo y el uso de corticoesteroides como tratamiento m\u00e9dico.<sup>1<\/sup><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-column mhh-mcn-v1-column--dba8e1d5a2daa63a35aeba6ef44b151b mhh-mcn-column mhh-mcn-column--12 mhh-mcn-column--m-6 mhh-mcn-column--l-6\">\n    \n<figure class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-image mhh-mcn-v1-image--align-center mhh-mcn-v1-image--4dde65965b62ea7daa6f519a48b859b2\">\n                    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"\n        class=\"mhh-mcn-image mhh-mcn-image--full wp-image-88229\"\n        src=\"https:\/\/msdconecta.co.cr\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2024\/03\/perfiles-en-riesgo.png?quality=80&#038;lossy=1\"\n        width=\"401\"\n        height=\"400\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            \/>\n            <\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading  has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-heading--center mhh-mcn-v1-heading mhh-mcn-v1-heading--b10ac36714daccaebe2aaebbbecb864a\"><strong>Diabetes Mellitus<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"mhh-mcn-columns mhh-mcn-columns--vertical-alignment-center mhh-mcn-v1-columns--553894796d806168988716071da4bb5b mhh-mcn-v1-columns mhh-mcn-columns--gutter-m\">\n    <div class=\"mhh-mcn-columns-inner\">\n        \n<div class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-column mhh-mcn-v1-column--08cdef132936fc13fae1ec88df896fd5 mhh-mcn-column mhh-mcn-column--12 mhh-mcn-column--m-6 mhh-mcn-column--l-6\">\n    \n<figure class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-image mhh-mcn-v1-image--align-center mhh-mcn-v1-image--e9b743840d00d30f98ffa9c834ef2c6c\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\"\n        class=\"mhh-mcn-image mhh-mcn-image--full wp-image-88238\"\n        src=\"https:\/\/msdconecta.co.cr\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2024\/03\/Diabetes-Mellitus.png?quality=80&#038;lossy=1\"\n        width=\"401\"\n        height=\"400\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"        alt=\"\"\n            \/>\n            <\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-column mhh-mcn-v1-column--a5127ab1992a2f530cb40830a5fd3992 mhh-mcn-column mhh-mcn-column--12 mhh-mcn-column--m-6 mhh-mcn-column--l-6\">\n    \n\n<p class=\"   mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--8cdee84f193b3dc5771f8c0140ab01e0\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en-US\">De acuerdo con los datos del estudio de Torres, A.<em> y cols<sup>a<\/sup><\/em>,los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tienen riesgo incrementado hasta de <strong>1.4 veces m\u00e1s <\/strong>que en personas sin diabetes para NAC, mientras que para ENI el riesgo es <strong>1.4 a 4.6 veces mayor.<sup>1,*<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"   mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--d100f086514b0980f38b2191fb2b3af8\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en-US\">Los pacientes diab\u00e9ticos menores de <strong>40 a\u00f1os tienen hasta 3 veces m\u00e1s riesgo de hospitalizaci\u00f3n<\/strong> <strong>por neumon\u00eda<\/strong> que individuos de la misma edad sin diabetes. El riesgo incrementa a mayor duraci\u00f3n de la enfermedad y\/o a menor control glic\u00e9mico.<sup>1<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"   mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--f708556627eff865b73fbfee6b634f82\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en-US\"><em>*El riesgo para enfermedad neumoc\u00f3cica en pacientes diab\u00e9ticos vari\u00f3 seg\u00fan duraci\u00f3n\/control de la enfermedad y la edad del individuo.<sup>1<\/sup><\/em><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading  has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-heading--center mhh-mcn-v1-heading mhh-mcn-v1-heading--376156d0832562e391cfddda98236512\"><strong>Enfermedad cr\u00f3nica del coraz\u00f3n<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"mhh-mcn-columns mhh-mcn-columns--vertical-alignment-center mhh-mcn-v1-columns--02d39df679e227212f034eb227bf7309 mhh-mcn-v1-columns mhh-mcn-columns--gutter-m\">\n    <div class=\"mhh-mcn-columns-inner\">\n        \n<div class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-column mhh-mcn-v1-column--74718215380b37ad7d52af5dbcbe8ee1 mhh-mcn-column mhh-mcn-column--12 mhh-mcn-column--m-6 mhh-mcn-column--l-6\">\n    \n\n<p class=\"   mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--1cb448694164c4c7e309d512b7e32d44\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en-US\">De acuerdo con datos del estudio de Torres, A. <em>y cols<sup>a<\/sup><\/em>, los pacientes con enfermedades cr\u00f3nicas del coraz\u00f3n (insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva, enfermedad cardiovascular y valvulopat\u00edas) tienen hasta<strong> 3.3 veces mayor riesgo para NAC, y hasta 9.9 veces mayor riesgo para ENI*<\/strong>, que los pacientes sin estas condiciones. Mientras que los pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva tienen <strong>2 veces mayor riesgo de hospitalizaci\u00f3n por neumon\u00eda.<sup>1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"   mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--48dbd1d509614e91b909cb8470e0483e\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en-US\"><em>*El riesgo para enfermedad neumoc\u00f3cica en pacientes con cardiopat\u00edas cr\u00f3nicas vari\u00f3 de acuerdo a la edad y gravedad de la enfermedad.<sup>1<\/sup><\/em><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-column mhh-mcn-v1-column--836b422fe413a7880fd1098459c570e4 mhh-mcn-column mhh-mcn-column--12 mhh-mcn-column--m-6 mhh-mcn-column--l-6\">\n    \n<figure class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-image mhh-mcn-v1-image--align-center mhh-mcn-v1-image--d479b6b640e734f0aa9353c29f9a5223\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\"\n        class=\"mhh-mcn-image mhh-mcn-image--full wp-image-88246\"\n        src=\"https:\/\/msdconecta.co.cr\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2024\/03\/Enfermedad-cronica-del-corazon-1.png?quality=80&#038;lossy=1\"\n        width=\"401\"\n        height=\"400\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"        alt=\"\"\n            \/>\n            <\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-accordion mhh-mcn-v1-accordion--86a77ed8db241e66fbe22526be835700 mhh-mcn-v1-accordion--default\" data-configuration=\"{&quot;variation&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:0,&quot;hasFirstItemExpanded&quot;:false}\"        >\n    \n\n<section\n    id=\"accordion-69d0cace31d6d\"\n    class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-accordion-molecule mhh-mcn-v1-accordion-molecule--314d90551bcc8c11d214947649ffda6e mhh-mcn-v1-accordion-molecule--closed\"\n            >\n    <h4\n        id=\"accordion-69d0cace31d6d-header\"\n        class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-accordion-molecule-header\"\n    >\n        <button\n            class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-accordion-molecule-header__heading\"\n            aria-expanded=\"false\"\n            aria-controls=\"accordion-69d0cace31d6d-content\"\n        >\n                        <span class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-accordion-molecule-header__title\">\n                Abuso en el consumo de tabaco            <\/span>\n            <span class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-accordion-molecule-header__icon-dropdown\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                \n<svg width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" class=\"mh-icon mh-icon--kind-generic mh-icon--name-dropdown-arrow mh-icon--dropdown-arrow\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n    \n    \n    <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/msdconecta.co.cr\/es\/wp-content\/themes\/cex-wpvip-mhh-mconnect-theme-new-3.0\/modules\/icons\/resources\/icons\/svg\/generic\/dropdown-arrow.svg#dropdown-arrow\"><\/use>\n<\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n    <div\n        id=\"accordion-69d0cace31d6d-content\"\n        class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-accordion-molecule-content\"\n        role=\"region\"\n        aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d0cace31d6d-header\"\n    >\n        <div class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-accordion-molecule-content__body\">\n            \n<div class=\"mhh-mcn-columns mhh-mcn-columns--vertical-alignment-center mhh-mcn-v1-columns--21a4e305c09a5a061f11557e54ddd3fe mhh-mcn-v1-columns mhh-mcn-columns--gutter-m\">\n    <div class=\"mhh-mcn-columns-inner\">\n        \n<div class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-column mhh-mcn-v1-column--75063a3eba5f8584539193b3458e1494 mhh-mcn-column mhh-mcn-column--12 mhh-mcn-column--m-6 mhh-mcn-column--l-6\">\n    \n<figure class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-image mhh-mcn-v1-image--align-center mhh-mcn-v1-image--0d704db1386f81f68be9172ad53cfec1\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\"\n        class=\"mhh-mcn-image mhh-mcn-image--full wp-image-88257\"\n        src=\"https:\/\/msdconecta.co.cr\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2024\/03\/abuso-alcohol.png?quality=80&#038;lossy=1\"\n        width=\"401\"\n        height=\"400\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"        alt=\"\"\n            \/>\n            <\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-column mhh-mcn-v1-column--e6a617a39681a3894fdb2fb9c71640f5 mhh-mcn-column mhh-mcn-column--12 mhh-mcn-column--m-6 mhh-mcn-column--l-6\">\n    \n\n<p class=\"   mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--62377aa02e6fd5222223ef37308e2a99\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en-US\">En el estudio de Torres, A. <em>y cols<sup>a<\/sup><\/em>, se ha identificado al tabaquismo como factor de riesgo para NAC, con variaciones dependiendo del historial.<sup>1<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"   mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--6b106d12f64fc5052adbf9d557ed3f2d\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en-US\">El tabaquismo se ha identificado como un factor de riesgo independiente para mortalidad asociada a NAC y a neumon\u00eda neumoc\u00f3cica invasiva.<sup>1<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"   mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--4d2017bc411a13b9a51af792359a708b\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en-US\"><em>*El riesgo para enfermedad neumoc\u00f3cica en personas fumadoras var\u00eda seg\u00fan edad e historia del tabaquismo.<sup>1<\/sup><\/em><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section\n    id=\"accordion-69d0cace32a96\"\n    class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-accordion-molecule mhh-mcn-v1-accordion-molecule--f87570a09be6b01cbde9c47c5d338a46 mhh-mcn-v1-accordion-molecule--closed\"\n            >\n    <h4\n        id=\"accordion-69d0cace32a96-header\"\n        class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-accordion-molecule-header\"\n    >\n        <button\n            class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-accordion-molecule-header__heading\"\n            aria-expanded=\"false\"\n            aria-controls=\"accordion-69d0cace32a96-content\"\n        >\n                        <span class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-accordion-molecule-header__title\">\n                Abuso en el consumo de alcohol            <\/span>\n            <span class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-accordion-molecule-header__icon-dropdown\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                \n<svg width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" class=\"mh-icon mh-icon--kind-generic mh-icon--name-dropdown-arrow mh-icon--dropdown-arrow\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n    \n    \n    <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/msdconecta.co.cr\/es\/wp-content\/themes\/cex-wpvip-mhh-mconnect-theme-new-3.0\/modules\/icons\/resources\/icons\/svg\/generic\/dropdown-arrow.svg#dropdown-arrow\"><\/use>\n<\/svg>\n            <\/span>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/h4>\n    <div\n        id=\"accordion-69d0cace32a96-content\"\n        class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-accordion-molecule-content\"\n        role=\"region\"\n        aria-labelledby=\"accordion-69d0cace32a96-header\"\n    >\n        <div class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-accordion-molecule-content__body\">\n            \n<div class=\"mhh-mcn-columns mhh-mcn-columns--vertical-alignment-center mhh-mcn-v1-columns--28e6907f798ef9cdf6d012d9df2db183 mhh-mcn-v1-columns mhh-mcn-columns--gutter-m\">\n    <div class=\"mhh-mcn-columns-inner\">\n        \n<div class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-column mhh-mcn-v1-column--fcb329d38a880bc9f1574706ac2f8c7b mhh-mcn-column mhh-mcn-column--12 mhh-mcn-column--m-6 mhh-mcn-column--l-6\">\n    \n<figure class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-image mhh-mcn-v1-image--align-center mhh-mcn-v1-image--29180f6484f10cb1a6c6579a18370de0\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\"\n        class=\"mhh-mcn-image mhh-mcn-image--full wp-image-88260\"\n        src=\"https:\/\/msdconecta.co.cr\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2024\/03\/abuso-tabaco.png?quality=80&#038;lossy=1\"\n        width=\"401\"\n        height=\"400\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"        alt=\"\"\n            \/>\n            <\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-column mhh-mcn-v1-column--2ff3f5b32efa22471e85793298537fa3 mhh-mcn-column mhh-mcn-column--12 mhh-mcn-column--m-6 mhh-mcn-column--l-6\">\n    \n\n<p class=\"   mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--fbbdcdf14cb422ad64e3e14f993a8fd5\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en-US\">Seg\u00fan los datos obtenidos del estudio de Kyaw, M. <em>y cols<sup>b<\/sup>,<\/em> entre los a\u00f1os 1999 y 2000, se identificaron 1,570 casos de enfermedad neumoc\u00f3cica invasiva en adultos sanos y 2,765 casos en adultos con ciertas condiciones como diabetes, enfermedades cr\u00f3nicas del coraz\u00f3n y abuso de alcohol, entre otras.<sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"   mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--9083682ee8da7607af1a74c1f720c475\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en-US\">La incidencia de ENI en adultos con abuso en el consumo de alcohol fue <strong>11 veces mayor en comparaci\u00f3n con adultos sanos<\/strong> (100.4 casos <em>vs<\/em> 8.8 \/100,000 personas).<sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"   mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--ba42794c0139af0035d8d555d51c707e\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en-US\">En general, el efecto del abuso en el consumo de alcohol en relaci\u00f3n al riesgo para ENI fue m\u00e1s relevante despu\u00e9s de los 35 a\u00f1os de edad.<sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:31px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en-US\" class=\"has-object-object-font-size   mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--cfecd06da84962334f5720a97688b1cf\"><em><sup>a<\/sup>RESUMEN DE ESTUDIO DE TORRES, A. Y COLS. En un an\u00e1lisis comparativo de datos, se determin\u00f3 la raz\u00f3n de posibilidades en individuos con factores de riesgo de enfermedad neumoc\u00f3cica vs. aquellos sin estos factores de riesgo. Se tabularon las razones (excluyendo publicaciones anteriores a 2008 o con datos anteriores a 2000) y se utilizaron para analizar el riesgo de enfermedad neumoc\u00f3cica en personas con estos factores de riesgo.<sup>1<\/sup><br>b RESUMEN DE ESTUDIO DE KYAW, M. Y COLS. Con los datos obtenidos del Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs) y del National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) de los a\u00f1os 1999 y 2000, se determin\u00f3 la tasa de enfermedad neumoc\u00f3cica invasiva en adultos con varias condiciones de alto riesgo vs. adultos sanos (&gt; 18 a\u00f1os).<sup>2<\/sup><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"   mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--1f0989ce9470ad8506053665fc4134ef\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en-US\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en-US\" class=\"wp-caption-text has-object-object-font-size   mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--41c5289a444dfc158c1e1544f69919fa\">Referencia:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-caption-text mhh-mcn-v1-clist mhh-mcn-v1-clist--afa3dfc1c2c4bed54ac256207c14dea1 mhh-mcn-v1-clist--order-starts-2-digits mhh-mcn-list list-style-type-line\" start=\"1\">\n    <li>Torres A, Blasi F, Dartois N, y cols. Which individuals are at increased risk of pneumococcal disease and why? Impact of COPD, asthma, smoking, diabetes, and\/or. Chronic heart disease on community-acquired pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease. Thorax. 2015; 70 (10):984\u201398<\/li><li>Kyaw MH, Rose CE, Fry AM, y cols. The Influence of Chronic Illnesses on the Incidence of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Adults. The Journal of Infectious Diseases.2005; 192:377 &#8211; 386.<\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00bfSus pacientes adultos tienen alguno de estos perfiles? 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