{"id":90126,"date":"2024-08-22T21:56:33","date_gmt":"2024-08-22T21:56:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/msdconecta.co.cr\/es\/?post_type=therapeutic-area&#038;p=90126"},"modified":"2024-10-18T22:37:14","modified_gmt":"2024-10-18T22:37:14","slug":"historia-y-desarrollo-de-pembrolizumab-wp-0676","status":"publish","type":"therapeutic-area","link":"https:\/\/msdconecta.co.cr\/es\/therapeutic-areas\/oncologia-wp-0641\/historia-y-desarrollo-de-pembrolizumab-wp-0676\/","title":{"rendered":"Historia y desarrollo de Pembrolizumab"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mhh-mcn-columns mhh-mcn-v1-columns--ce56d88089f52522a832c7e9b58680a5 mhh-mcn-v1-columns mhh-mcn-columns--gutter-m\">\n    <div class=\"mhh-mcn-columns-inner\">\n        \n<div class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-column mhh-mcn-v1-column--ca08d4480ed6a858a636b4f930dcebb5 mhh-mcn-column mhh-mcn-column--12 mhh-mcn-column--m-12 mhh-mcn-column--l-12\">\n    \n<figure class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-image mhh-mcn-v1-image--align-center mhh-mcn-v1-image--88caf7587a73a8880c6d05fb6a89f79f\">\n                    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"\n        class=\"mhh-mcn-image mhh-mcn-image--full wp-image-92162\"\n        src=\"https:\/\/msdconecta.co.cr\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2024\/08\/hero-historia-desarrollo-pembrolizumab-01.png?quality=80&#038;lossy=1\"\n        width=\"1024\"\n        height=\"448\"\n                alt=\"Historia y desarrollo de Pembrolizumab\"\n            \/>\n            <\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-teal-500-color has-text-color has-object-object-font-size  mhh-mcn-v1-heading mhh-mcn-v1-heading--dd09d521b7520212d26519e321d8ac2c\"><strong>Historia y desarrollo<\/strong>: Pembrolizumab<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--left  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--032d519656fb6bb81b5509602eed9fb5\" style=\"background-color:#cde6e5\">Pembrolizumab es un medicamento fruto de la comprensi\u00f3n de los mecanismos de bloqueo inmune que conducen a la tolerancia al crecimiento tumoral. Durante las \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas la investigaci\u00f3n se centr\u00f3 en desarrollar un medicamento con alta selectividad para bloquear PD-1, demostrando su eficacia para el tratamiento de algunos de los m\u00e1s importante tipos de c\u00e1ncer.<sup>1<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--f6f6470af5092c26e017f77db0f7ba73\"><strong>Bases biol\u00f3gicas de la inmunoterapia del c\u00e1ncer<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-clist mhh-mcn-v1-clist--52fbfeb164539f085ec196c2ae1c62a3 mhh-mcn-v1-clist--order-starts-2-digits mhh-mcn-list list-style-type-dot\" start=\"1\">\n    <li>Es bien conocido que la inmunosupresi\u00f3n es un factor de riesgo para desarrollar c\u00e1ncer.<sup>2<\/sup><\/li><li>Los pacientes inmunosuprimidos desarrollan c\u00e1ncer m\u00e1s frecuentemente que los inmunocompetentes.<sup>2<\/sup><\/li><li>Los tumores s\u00f3lidos provocan una respuesta inmunol\u00f3gica que normalmente es insuficiente para eliminar el c\u00e1ncer.<sup>2<\/sup><\/li><li>Las c\u00e9lulas tumorales producen factores inmunosupresores que aumentan los linfocitos reguladores, inhiben la actividad de las c\u00e9lulas citol\u00edticas, inhiben la presentaci\u00f3n<br>de ant\u00edgenos e incrementan la cantidad de mol\u00e9culas como PD-L1disminuyendo la capacidad de las c\u00e9lulas citol\u00edticas (linfocitos CD8+ y c\u00e9lulas citot\u00f3xicas).<sup>2<\/sup><\/li><li>Las c\u00e9lulas tumorales se presentan como componentes propios y se activan puntos de chequeo inmune que previenen que se desarrolle una respuesta inmune inflamatoria contra lo que es considerado \u201cpropio\u201d.<sup>2<\/sup><\/li><li>Los receptores inhibitorios principales implicados en la regulaci\u00f3n negativa de la respuesta inmune son el CTLA-4, el PD-1, TIM-3, LAG-3, entre otros.<sup>2<\/sup><\/li><li>PD-1 es una prote\u00edna transmembrana expresada principalmente en las c\u00e9lulas T activadas, mientras que sus ligandos PD-L1 y PD-L2 pueden sobreexpresarse en diversas c\u00e9lulas tumorales. PD-1 es un punto de chequeo inmune cuya activaci\u00f3n por sus ligandos lleva a suprimir la habilidad del sistema inmune de rechazar las c\u00e9lulas tumorales, permitiendo su crecimiento.<sup>3<\/sup><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"mhh-mcn-columns mhh-mcn-v1-columns--592f328735e9e3e6d0f49cbd9b58ed48 mhh-mcn-v1-columns mhh-mcn-columns--gutter-m\">\n    <div class=\"mhh-mcn-columns-inner\">\n        \n<div class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-column mhh-mcn-v1-column--9e3662a86bd0a37f91f68f8689e1da92 mhh-mcn-column mhh-mcn-column--12 mhh-mcn-column--m-12 mhh-mcn-column--l-12\">\n    \n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-white-color has-teal-500-background-color has-text-color  has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--b3808f71bb0f28e4472878e894e094ab\"><strong>Programa cl\u00ednico de desarrollo de Pembrolizumab<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"mhh-mcn-columns mhh-mcn-v1-columns--5562623c77aff045eba1e9fe014e6e70 mhh-mcn-v1-columns mhh-mcn-columns--gutter-m\">\n    <div class=\"mhh-mcn-columns-inner\">\n        \n<div class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-column mhh-mcn-v1-column--3bb4410ea3a9ed4552244da3e501a871 mhh-mcn-column mhh-mcn-column--12 mhh-mcn-column--m-12 mhh-mcn-column--l-12\">\n    \n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color   mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--0ad70227c678410c1df3ff0f9b3fb11a\"><strong><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-gray-800-color\">Pembrolizumab<\/mark><\/strong> es un anticuerpo monoclonal humanizado, de tipo IgG4-isotipo k, anti-PD-1 con alta afinidad, que evita la uni\u00f3n de sus ligandos PD-L1 y PD-l2, que recibi\u00f3 la designaci\u00f3n de terapia revolucionaria para el tratamiento del c\u00e1ncer.<sup>3<\/sup><br><strong><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-gray-800-color\">Los siguientes son los hechos m\u00e1s relevantes en el programa cl\u00ednico de desarrollo de Pembrolizumab:<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"mhh-mcn-columns mhh-mcn-columns--vertical-alignment-center mhh-mcn-v1-columns--377bc5132a7206638568000acd2eaff1 mhh-mcn-v1-columns mhh-mcn-columns--gutter-m\">\n    <div class=\"mhh-mcn-columns-inner\">\n        \n<div class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-column mhh-mcn-v1-column--d246d76c9a811f679e75748ff76714b7 mhh-mcn-column mhh-mcn-column--12 mhh-mcn-column--m-4 mhh-mcn-column--l-4\">\n    \n<figure class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-image mhh-mcn-v1-image--align-center mhh-mcn-v1-image--54ce474d695d85062ac1e3b618843f0e\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\"\n        class=\"mhh-mcn-image mhh-mcn-image--full wp-image-91142\"\n        src=\"https:\/\/msdconecta.co.cr\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2024\/05\/historia-desarrollo-img-01.png?quality=80&#038;lossy=1\"\n        width=\"150\"\n        height=\"150\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"        alt=\"Historia y desarrollo img 01\"\n            \/>\n            <\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-column mhh-mcn-v1-column--9158fe3daa4d0332cec6e5923d476322 mhh-mcn-column mhh-mcn-column--12 mhh-mcn-column--m-8 mhh-mcn-column--l-8\">\n    \n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-teal-700-color has-text-color has-object-object-font-size   mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--f111b97740b0330f3dd17a4b51390199\"><strong>Septiembre de 2014<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color   mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--12b5289b2546f98ae2e1c254c103abae\"><strong>Pembrolizumab<\/strong> recibe la aprobaci\u00f3n acelerada por la FDA para el tratamiento de pacientes con melanoma metast\u00e1sico o no resecable que no responde a otros tratamientos. Para los pacientes con melanoma con mutaci\u00f3n <em>BRAF<\/em> V600 positiva pembrolizumab se indica luego del tratamiento con ipilimumab y un inhibidor <em>BRAF<\/em>.<sup>4<\/sup><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-column mhh-mcn-v1-column--fd3b951fdbd50158d9fbf4199febb8d4 mhh-mcn-column mhh-mcn-column--12 mhh-mcn-column--m-12 mhh-mcn-column--l-12\">\n    \n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-black-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-black-background-color has-background\" \/>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-column mhh-mcn-v1-column--a2b3f6a9c23230e34f0ceb0b7b71459b mhh-mcn-column mhh-mcn-column--12 mhh-mcn-column--m-4 mhh-mcn-column--l-4\">\n    \n<figure class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-image mhh-mcn-v1-image--align-center mhh-mcn-v1-image--d8724fafafa1883d74ba8cff15e68cd9\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\"\n        class=\"mhh-mcn-image mhh-mcn-image--full wp-image-91141\"\n        src=\"https:\/\/msdconecta.co.cr\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2024\/05\/historia-desarrollo-img-02.png?quality=80&#038;lossy=1\"\n        width=\"150\"\n        height=\"141\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"        alt=\"Historia y desarrollo img 02\"\n            \/>\n            <\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-column mhh-mcn-v1-column--2e6eb82cab459190301569f83231512c mhh-mcn-column mhh-mcn-column--12 mhh-mcn-column--m-8 mhh-mcn-column--l-8\">\n    \n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-teal-700-color has-text-color has-object-object-font-size   mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--ead82f3996629f523702ccc889721d66\"><strong>Noviembre de 2014<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color   mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--97a5b82c307d6dbf2a1af2b8349abc4f\">La FDA otorga a <strong>Pembrolizumab<\/strong> la designaci\u00f3n de terapia revolucionaria o innovadora para el tratamiento del c\u00e1ncer de pulm\u00f3n no microc\u00edtico (NSCLC*) metast\u00e1sico que expresara PD-L1, EGFR negativo, ALK negativo que progresara tras el tratamiento basado en platino.<sup>5<\/sup> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color   mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--304085d5c2e613095b29309058e4b5b0\">La designaci\u00f3n como terapia innovadora se basa en los resultados del estudio <strong>Keynote 001<\/strong>.<sup>5<\/sup><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-column mhh-mcn-v1-column--fd3b951fdbd50158d9fbf4199febb8d4 mhh-mcn-column mhh-mcn-column--12 mhh-mcn-column--m-12 mhh-mcn-column--l-12\">\n    \n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-black-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-black-background-color has-background\" \/>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-column mhh-mcn-v1-column--d246d76c9a811f679e75748ff76714b7 mhh-mcn-column mhh-mcn-column--12 mhh-mcn-column--m-4 mhh-mcn-column--l-4\">\n    \n<figure class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-image mhh-mcn-v1-image--align-center mhh-mcn-v1-image--54ce474d695d85062ac1e3b618843f0e\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\"\n        class=\"mhh-mcn-image mhh-mcn-image--full wp-image-91142\"\n        src=\"https:\/\/msdconecta.co.cr\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2024\/05\/historia-desarrollo-img-01.png?quality=80&#038;lossy=1\"\n        width=\"150\"\n        height=\"150\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"        alt=\"Historia y desarrollo img 01\"\n            \/>\n            <\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-column mhh-mcn-v1-column--87cd8a37ba7baedf8fd94fb129e7a7bf mhh-mcn-column mhh-mcn-column--12 mhh-mcn-column--m-8 mhh-mcn-column--l-8\">\n    \n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-teal-700-color has-text-color has-object-object-font-size   mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--e0869e22d9f1fce3f48d1fea5845c21b\"><strong>Mayo de 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-object-object-font-size has-gray-800-color has-text-color   mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--f6a1bc3cf9898fb0b204fc3c6fa2e974\">Se publican los resultados del estudio <strong>Keynote 001<\/strong> en el que se incluyeron pacientes previamente tratados con NSCLC* quienes recibieron pembrolizumab en dosis de 10 mg\/kg cada dos o tres semanas. Los resultados mostraron una tasa de respuesta global de 45,2% y una supervivencia libre de progresi\u00f3n de 6,3 meses en los pacientes con PD-l1\u2265 50%.<sup>6<\/sup><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-column mhh-mcn-v1-column--fd3b951fdbd50158d9fbf4199febb8d4 mhh-mcn-column mhh-mcn-column--12 mhh-mcn-column--m-12 mhh-mcn-column--l-12\">\n    \n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-black-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-black-background-color has-background\" \/>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-column mhh-mcn-v1-column--a2b3f6a9c23230e34f0ceb0b7b71459b mhh-mcn-column mhh-mcn-column--12 mhh-mcn-column--m-4 mhh-mcn-column--l-4\">\n    \n<figure class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-image mhh-mcn-v1-image--align-center mhh-mcn-v1-image--d8724fafafa1883d74ba8cff15e68cd9\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\"\n        class=\"mhh-mcn-image mhh-mcn-image--full wp-image-91141\"\n        src=\"https:\/\/msdconecta.co.cr\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2024\/05\/historia-desarrollo-img-02.png?quality=80&#038;lossy=1\"\n        width=\"150\"\n        height=\"141\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"        alt=\"Historia y desarrollo img 02\"\n            \/>\n            <\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-column mhh-mcn-v1-column--c59c80e9ae6441272d9583755062394c mhh-mcn-column mhh-mcn-column--12 mhh-mcn-column--m-8 mhh-mcn-column--l-8\">\n    \n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-teal-700-color has-text-color has-object-object-font-size   mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--e2b5e60bef45428a0b2626b80dbddbfa\"><strong>Agosto de 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color   mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--ed225437a8176e5a9527c6e69d7447d7\">Se publican los resultados del estudio <strong>Keynote 002<\/strong> en el que se incluyeron pacientes con melanoma progresivo bajo tratamiento con ipilimumab y si eran <em>BRAF<\/em> V600 positivos progresivos bajo tratamiento con un inhibidor <em>BRAF<\/em> o MEK o ambos. Los resultados mostraron que la supervivencia libre de progresi\u00f3n fue de 32% en quienes recibieron pembrolizumab en dosis de 2 mg\/ kg y de 38% en los tratados con 10 mg\/kg, frente a 16% en quienes recibieron quimioterapia.<sup>7<\/sup><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--f678af6de30312b98adc1a525e26fbb8\"><strong>Otras aprobaciones de Pembrolizumab por la FDA<sup>8<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:60px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-text-color has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--762fcb0b85eab1bee75c7e299a3b32a4\" style=\"color:#2c6d3c\"><strong>2016<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--7c63985b8b31e1e4fcbbc4febbb39a6b\"><strong>5 agosto:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--2c2eecb892be82ba5f345bd45a4da0c1\">La FDA aprueba <strong>Pembrolizumab<\/strong> para pacientes con carcinoma de c\u00e9lulas escamosas de cabeza y cuello recurrente o metast\u00e1sico.<sup>8<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:60px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-text-color has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--58a069324204ee66dca14fba04994e7a\" style=\"color:#2c6d3c\"><strong>2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--c99793ce51c0367368603c112e8a36c7\"><strong>15 de marzo<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-object-object-font-size has-gray-800-color has-text-color mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--729545a1b9125ef51d6f58c44193606b\">La FDA aprueba <strong>Pembrolizumab<\/strong> para el linfoma de Hodgkin cl\u00e1sico (cHL).<sup>8<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--71363121e18e57b9a9eb3365d8f548d6\"><strong>10 de mayo<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-object-object-font-size has-gray-800-color has-text-color mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--9d24d7fdb8fe35b36847654454047b87\">La FDA aprueba <strong>Pembrolizumab<\/strong> como terapia combinada de primera l\u00ednea para pacientes con c\u00e1ncer de pulm\u00f3n no microc\u00edtico (NSCLC*) no escamoso metast\u00e1sico, independientemente de la expresi\u00f3n de PD-L1.<sup>8<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--7a90eea911280949894a91ecc08c61fe\"><strong>22 de septiembre<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-object-object-font-size has-gray-800-color has-text-color mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--94ce3d84bff345ac6ea3a92016754fac\">La FDA aprueba <strong>Pembrolizumab<\/strong> para pacientes previamente tratados con c\u00e1ncer g\u00e1strico o de la uni\u00f3n gastroesof\u00e1gica localmente avanzado o metast\u00e1sico recurrente cuyos tumores expresan PD-L1.<sup>8<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:60px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-text-color has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--ed6534fbcf45c60e895bc3ac1b8daa1a\" style=\"color:#2c6d3c\"><strong>2018<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--6c32fed4f7c8769ac9ddb0123dde5285\"><strong>12 de junio<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--a5b80b8dec5d10245cf17806e1fac77b\">La FDA aprueba <strong>Pembrolizumab<\/strong> para pacientes previamente tratados con c\u00e1ncer de cuello uterino recurrente o metast\u00e1sico cuyos tumores expresan PD-L1.<sup>8<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--1069b7dc79d34e300a1336710a71702d\"><strong>30 de octubre <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--b2a72f6b78219c1aba1183a3b3ee0d4c\">La FDA aprueba <strong>Pembrolizumab<\/strong> en combinaci\u00f3n con carboplatino y paclitaxel o nab-paclitaxel para el tratamiento de primera l\u00ednea de pacientes con c\u00e1ncer de  pulm\u00f3n no microc\u00edtico (NSCLC*) escamoso metast\u00e1sico.<sup>8<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:60px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-text-color has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--20a83490f0958ef63a0142fe45054e2c\" style=\"color:#2c6d3c\"><strong>2019<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--4f035ed272353f5d32daf48f4b30fbdc\"><strong>19 de febrero<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--891ee75e590b18c78ad3821e8a674aef\">La FDA aprueba <strong>Pembrolizumab<\/strong> para el tratamiento adyuvante de pacientes con melanoma con afectaci\u00f3n de ganglio(s) linf\u00e1tico(s) despu\u00e9s de una resecci\u00f3n completa<sup>8<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--3955b4f1e476290a39e975831e1173da\"><strong>11 de junio<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--5b1906cc307df376f77a9264c0010913\">La FDA aprueba <strong>Pembrolizumab<\/strong> para el tratamiento de primera l\u00ednea del carcinoma de c\u00e9lulas escamosas de cabeza y cuello.<sup>8<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--7d542f295e066c7678d9dabf4a92c8d8\"><strong>18 de junio<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--30a992953440e74e2209cbf24c0a4716\">La FDA aprueba <strong>Pembrolizumab<\/strong> para el tratamiento del c\u00e1ncer de pulm\u00f3n de c\u00e9lulas peque\u00f1as metast\u00e1sico (CPCP).<sup>8<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--dfd7576b9c54ce1019885b60bcd5dec4\"><strong>31 de julio<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--b2890649ef117f7828725be7d0da6f3b\">La FDA aprueba <strong>Pembrolizumab<\/strong> para el carcinoma de c\u00e9lulas escamosas de es\u00f3fago localmente avanzado o metast\u00e1sico recidivante.<sup>8<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--fd853e609a77124e91bd661ef1bc7383\"><strong>17 de septiembre<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--ae0434122143d6afb85baac21afb1dc4\">La FDA aprueba el tratamiento combinado de <strong>Pembrolizumab<\/strong> m\u00e1s lenvatinib para pacientes con ciertos tipos de carcinoma de endometrio.<sup>8<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:60px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-text-color has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--6f806065308e087b76baa7dd907f43ad\" style=\"color:#2c6d3c\"><strong>2020<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--2a8016c8e82dda18a3761a09be414c17\"><strong>8 de enero<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--6620b1eb87935c80eb64829d0ace5026\">La FDA aprueba <strong>Pembrolizumab<\/strong> para pacientes con c\u00e1ncer de vejiga no invasivo muscular, de alto riesgo y que no responde al BCG.<sup>8<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--73833e129413eff7e08cac74f21b2b87\"><br><strong>24 de junio<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--7a9fc5b9ba9c731cbe87e59fefa0f87e\">La FDA aprueba <strong>Pembrolizumab<\/strong> para el tratamiento de pacientes con carcinoma cut\u00e1neo de c\u00e9lulas escamosas metast\u00e1sico (cSCC) recurrente o metast\u00e1sico que no es curable mediante cirug\u00eda o radiaci\u00f3n.<sup>8<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--be3e8109a16cbf58a0c65f68c883c9c0\"><br><strong>29 de junio<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--e8307a9d1949ac4234a757bd84011330\">La FDA aprueba <strong>Pembrolizumab<\/strong> para el tratamiento de primera l\u00ednea de pacientes con c\u00e1ncer colorrectal MSI-H o dMMR irresecable o metast\u00e1sico.<sup>8<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--7a5a5ebd985498d971f69c06d75e3549\"><br><strong>13 de noviembre<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--8d458aeb240b2c5c0a8b3fb9f7e57234\">La FDA aprueba <strong>Pembrolizumab<\/strong> en combinaci\u00f3n con quimioterapia para pacientes con c\u00e1ncer de mama triple negativo metast\u00e1sico o irresecable localmente recurrente cuyos tumores expresan PD-L1 (CPS \u226510).<sup>8<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:60px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-text-color has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--f7ccb27cda05271830cb9e06b28772fa\" style=\"color:#2c6d3c\"><strong>2021<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--f34310f980b4c809eaf5ce39b36da1ab\"><strong>5 de mayo<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--88be00e45ba8f8b06c692ab25e37eee1\">La FDA aprueba <strong>Pembrolizumab<\/strong> combinado con trastuzumab y quimioterapia como tratamiento de primera l\u00ednea en el adenocarcinoma de la uni\u00f3n g\u00e1strica o gastroesof\u00e1gica HER2 positivo, metast\u00e1sico o irresecable localmente avanzado.<sup>8<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--d8ae1d4c02e59e7ce89411df5f3bc5fc\"><strong>27 de julio<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--6da59b0312d6ed73b35a665840766a1a\">La FDA aprueba <strong>Pembrolizumab<\/strong> para el tratamiento de pacientes con c\u00e1ncer de mama triple negativo en etapa temprana de alto riesgo en combinaci\u00f3n con quimioterapia como tratamiento neoadyuvante y luego se contin\u00faa como agente \u00fanico como tratamiento adyuvante despu\u00e9s de la cirug\u00eda.<sup>8<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--975b978ed301c1e698c3284d8caf53c9\"><strong>11 de agosto<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--19306d22f8b43dc82ad6ae071b205915\">La FDA aprueba la combinaci\u00f3n <strong>Pembrolizumab<\/strong> m\u00e1s lenvatinib para el tratamiento de primera l\u00ednea de pacientes adultos con carcinoma de c\u00e9lulas renales (CCR) avanzado.<sup>8<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--f7d5423ed5dfd711c2d63eb5ff77818f\"><strong>13 de octubre<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--bec6f913768377fe87a7f36ede540130\">La FDA aprueba <strong>Pembrolizumab<\/strong> m\u00e1s quimioterapia, con o sin bevacizumab, como tratamiento para pacientes con c\u00e1ncer de cuello uterino persistente, recurrente o metast\u00e1sico cuyos tumores expresan PD-L1 (CPS \u22651).<sup>8<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:60px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-text-color has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--868cfb435034766181eb8b2f112bbdfc\" style=\"color:#2c6d3c\"><strong>2023<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color has-object-object-font-size mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--56f50f3721ac792e03c83ab0400e0ad0\"><strong>27 de enero<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-object-object-font-size has-gray-800-color has-text-color mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--center  mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--ee1f02b477a2feb104c20b62435d202d\">La FDA aprueba <strong>Pembrolizumab<\/strong> como tratamiento adyuvante despu\u00e9s de la resecci\u00f3n quir\u00fargica y quimioterapia a base de platino para pacientes con c\u00e1ncer de pulm\u00f3n no microc\u00edtico (NSCLC*) en estadio IB (T2a \u22654 cent\u00edmetros), II o IIIA.<sup>8<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-gray-800-color has-text-color has-object-object-font-size   mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--3e6c53bd35197b4102035148abd4eeb7\"><em>* Por sus iniciales en ingl\u00e9s.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:0px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-links mhh-mcn-v1-links--justified-center mhh-mcn-v1-links--35670dea845c5db588bce6a960abf4ac\">\n    <a class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-link mhh-mcn-v1-link--center mhh-mcn-v1-link--348e7c003665b58859dd6038fb1b4f57 mhh-mcn-v1-link--is-variation mhh-mcn-v1-link--button-primary\" href=\"https:\/\/msdconecta.co.cr\/es\/products\/oncologia\/indicaciones-wp-0576\/\" target=\"_self\">\n                    <span class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-link__label\">Acceder o inscribirme a Oncologia- Keytruda para ver m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n<\/span>\n                <\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-teal-500-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-teal-500-background-color has-background\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\" \/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" class=\"has-object-object-font-size   mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph mhh-mcn-v1-paragraph--4e8c24654f2a6153d7156594b07d4d63\"><strong>Referencias<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"mhh-mcn-v1-clist mhh-mcn-v1-clist--fff8796ebddf58e1936aeb8e333263f5 mhh-mcn-v1-clist--order-starts-2-digits mhh-mcn-list list-style-type-line\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es-CO\" start=\"1\">\n    <li>Bustamante Alvarez JG, Gonz\u00e1lez-Cao M, Karachaliou N, Santarpia M, Viteri S, Teixid\u00f3 C, Rosell R. Advances in immunotherapy for treatment of lung cancer. Cancer Biol Med. 2015 Sep;12(3):209-22. doi: 10.7497\/j.issn.2095- 3941.2015.0032.<\/li><li>Gonz\u00e1lez-Cao M, Karachaliou N, Viteri S, et al. Targeting PD-1\/PD-L1 in lung cancer: current perspectives. Lung Cancer (Auckl). 2015 Jul 31;6:55-70. doi: 10.2147\/LCTT.S55176. PMID: 28210151; PMCID: PMC5217517.<\/li><li>Sul J, Blumenthal GM, Jiang X, et al. FDA Approval Summary: Pembrolizumab for the Treatment of Patients With Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Whose Tumors Express Programmed Death-Ligand 1. Oncologist. 2016 May;21(5):643-50. doi: 10.1634\/theoncologist.2015-0498. Epub 2016 Mar 29. PMID: 27026676; PMCID: PMC4861368.<\/li><li>FDA approves pembrolizumab for advanced melanoma.\u201d U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2014. Disponible en: <a href=\"https:\/\/ascopost.com\/issues\/september-15-2014\/fda-approves-pembrolizumab-for-advanced-melanoma\/\">https:\/\/ascopost.com\/issues\/september-15-2014\/fda-approves-pembrolizumab-for-advanced-melanoma\/<\/a> Consultada el 9 de abril de 2024.<\/li><li>FDA Grants Breakthrough Therapy Designation Pembrolizumab in Advanced Non\u2013Small Cell Lung Cancer. Disponible en: <a href=\"https:\/\/ascopost.com\/issues\/november-15-2014\/fda-grants-breakthrough-therapy-designation-pembrolizumab-in-advanced- non-small-cell-lung-cancer\/\">https:\/\/ascopost.com\/issues\/november-15-2014\/fda-grants-breakthrough-therapy-designation-pembrolizumab-in-advanced- non-small-cell-lung-cancer\/<\/a>. Consultada el 9 de abril de 2024. <\/li><li>Garon EB, Rizvi NA, Hui R, et al; KEYNOTE-001 Investigators. Pembrolizumab for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015 May 21;372(21):2018-28. doi: 10.1056\/NEJMoa1501824. Epub 2015 Apr 19. PMID: 25891174.<\/li><li>Ribas A, Puzanov I, Dummer R, et al. Pembrolizumab versus investigator-choice chemotherapy for ipilimumab-refractory melanoma (KEYNOTE-002): a randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Aug;16(8):908-18. doi: 10.1016\/ S1470-2045(15)00083-2. Epub 2015 Jun 23. PMID: 26115796; PMCID: PMC9004487.<\/li><li>Keytryda FDA approval history. Disponible en: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.drugs.com\/history\/keytruda.html\">https:\/\/www.drugs.com\/history\/keytruda.html<\/a>. 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